As the strike began on Thursday, more than 800,000 people took to the streets, with violent clashes reported in a number of cities, the BBC reported.
Widespread rail cancellations and disruption to flights were expected on Friday with only a fraction of the capital's transport system working.
Paris's bus and metro operator have said their walkout will last until December 9 at least.
French workers were angry about Macron's plan to introduce a universal points-based pension scheme.
It would replace France's current system which has 42 different pension schemes across its private and public sectors with variations in retirement age and benefits.
Macron, aware of France's ageing population, had said that his universal pension plan would be fairer than the current system.
The strike forced the closure of popular tourist sites, including the Eiffel Tower, and usually busy transport hubs like the Gare du Nord were unusually quiet.
In Paris there were reports of vandalism in places and police used tear gas to disperse protesters. In total, 71 arrests were made across the capital, the BBC quoted the police as saying.
Clashes were also reported in a number of other cities including Nantes, Bordeaux and Rennes.
It was not immediately clear how long the "unlimited strike" action could last.
Some trade union leaders have vowed to strike until Macron abandoned his campaign promise to overhaul the retirement system.
( With inputs from IANS )