Adhik Mass, an extra month that occurs roughly every three years, which create a 13-month year in 2026. The Marathi Panchang indicates this year will feature an 'Adhik Jyeshtha Masa'. Let us explore the significance of this upcoming intercalary month, the science behind it, and the detailed schedule of dates.
In the context of Indian chronology, the 'Adhik Masa' is a highly scientific and fascinating concept. Occurring once every three years, this month holds significance not only from a religious perspective but also from an astronomical one. This year, the Adhik Jyeshtha month commences on Sunday, May 17, 2026.
1. Adhik Jyeshtha 2026: Important Dates
The month of Jyeshtha will occur twice this year: the first being the 'Adhik' (intercalary) month, and the second being the 'Nij' (the original/true month).
Adhik Jyeshtha Masa: May 17, 2026 (Sunday) to June 15, 2026 (Monday).
Nij Jyeshtha Masa: June 15, 2026 (Monday) to July 14, 2026 (Tuesday).
Special Note: Prior to this, the Adhik Jyeshtha month last occurred in 2018; subsequently, it will recur after a gap of 11 years—specifically in the year 2037.
2 . Why Does ‘Adhik Maas’ Occur? The Astronomical Significance
Time in the Indian calendar system is calculated using two celestial cycles — the Solar cycle, based on the Sun, and the Lunar cycle, based on the Moon.
A lunar year, which consists of 12 lunar months, lasts approximately 354 days, whereas a solar year is around 365 days long. This creates a yearly difference of nearly 11 days between the two systems.
To maintain harmony between the lunar calendar and the changing seasons, an additional month is inserted after roughly every 32 months and 16 days — or nearly once every three years. This extra month is known as Adhik Maas.
3. What Is ‘Asankranti’?
The transition of the Sun from one zodiac sign (Rashi) to another is called Sankranti. However, when an entire lunar month passes without any such solar transition, that month is termed Asankranti Maas, which is essentially Adhik Maas. Astronomically, the chances of Adhik Maas occurring are higher between the months of Chaitra and Ashwin, as the Sun’s apparent movement during this phase is comparatively slower.
4. Different Names, Same Essence
- Adhik Maas is known by several names across India, each reflecting a unique cultural and spiritual significance.
- Purushottam Maas: According to belief, Lord Vishnu dedicated this month to Himself, making Vishnu worship especially important during this period.
- Mal Maas: Since certain auspicious ceremonies and rituals are traditionally avoided during this month, it is also referred to as Mal Maas.
- Dhondyacha Mahina: In Maharashtra, the month is popularly called Dhondyacha Mahina, marked by the custom of gifting Dhonde — a sweet delicacy similar to Anarse — to sons-in-law.
5. Where Is Adhik Maas Observed?
The tradition of Adhik Maas is mainly followed in states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh, where the lunar-based Amanta Panchang system is prevalent.
In contrast, states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala primarily follow the solar calendar, and therefore do not observe Adhik Maas.
More than just a religious observance, Adhik Maas reflects the remarkable astronomical understanding of ancient Indian scholars. The system was designed to accurately balance the solar and lunar calendars, ensuring seasonal alignment over time. Beginning May 17 this year, the sacred month of Purushottam Maas is considered especially auspicious for worship, charity, and spiritual practices.