Shivakumar was arrested by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) on September 3 in connection with its probe into the charges of money laundering after questioning him for four days. The arrest came after the Karnataka High Court rejected his plea for interim protection from the arrest.
The Congress leaders spent over 40 minutes with Shivakumar in the jail.
After meeting Shivakumar, his brother Suresh told reporters: "Right now, he is alright... the blood pressure is little bit high but he is alright."
He said Sharma and Patel talked about providing the party's moral support to Shivakumar.
They told him "we are with you and telling that you should come back early and we will cooperate and support", Suresh said.
"They also told him that they came to meet him on interim Congress chief Sonia Gandhi's request."
Suresh said Shivakumar has adjusted to the life and routine in jail, and he was waiting for the future course of judicial action.
Shivakumar has been on the radar of the Income Tax Department and the ED since demonetisation in 2016.
An I-T search at his New Delhi flat on August 2, 2017 led to the seizure of Rs 8.59 crore unaccounted cash.
The I-T Department lodged cases against him and his four associates under Sections 277 and 278 of the I-T Act, 1961 and Sections 120(B), 193 and 199 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Based on the I-T Department chargesheet, the ED registered a money laundering case against Shivakumar, Haumanthaiah, an employee at Karnataka Bhavan in New Delhi, and others.
Last week, former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi met former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram, who is also lodged in Tihar jail in the INX Media case since September 5.
The Congress has accused the Bharatiya Janata Party-led Central government of indulging in vendetta politics following the arrest of two of its senior leaders.
( With inputs from IANS )