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Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām al-Numayrī al-Ḥarrānī, known simply ibn Taymīyyah, was a Sunni Islamic scholar, muhaddith, theologian, judge, philosopher, and sometimes controversial thinker and political figure.