Connecting your smartphone through a USB port can give a hacker backdoor access to data from both your phone and your car. Additionally, Google Android users who can download apps from unverified sites are even more at risk.
The research, published in the Journal of Crime and Justice, applied a criminal justice theory to current forms of vehicle security and provided recommendations for manufacturers and owners to improve safety.
"The risk with vehicles isn't just personal data - though that is still a real concern," said Thomas Holt, Professor at Michigan State University in the US.
"Say the car is compromised and a hacker alters certain alert systems that tell a driver when tyre pressure is low so the emergency brake sensory systems don't kick in. That could lead to loss of life," Holt said.
The theory Holt applied says that in order for a criminal to act three things need to come together: a motivated offender, a suitable target and a lack of guardian.
In the context of vehicle security, he said that motivators and targets are clear, but the presence of a guardian was where vehicles fell short.
"Where we found holes was surprising: there's no one technically responsible for these vehicles' central computer systems," Holt said.
"The automotive and equipment manufacturers need to recognise that as it stands, they serve as the guard in the space, and the onus is on them. They need to take the lead in thinking more critically about data flows, software vendors and how to communicate security with dealerships," Holt added.
Holt explained that in a traditional automotive context, an equipment failure would lead to a recall of the vehicle to fix the problem. However, cyber security is entirely different.
"It's critical to think beyond thresholds and recalls because cybersecurity isn't a recoverable problem, but rather one that requires constant system patching updates, installations and new codes written," Holt said.
"This is more complicated but needs to be an active guardian process."
Similar to how smartphone manufacturers release security updates, the only way to disrupt the current problem is to have guard that are consistently, actively updating system software, said the study.
"We need to improve the presence of software guard and better resources; we also need to think about developing policies to protect users, vehicles and customers," Holt said.
( With inputs from IANS )