Energy drinks, vaping pose serious health risks for teenagers

Dr Kartik Raman

Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar: The increasing consumption of energy drinks and e-cigarettes among teenagers has become a pressing public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 1 in 5 adolescents globally in cities has tried vaping, while energy drink consumption has risen by over 60% in the past decade among youth.

Energy drinks often contain between 80–300 mg of caffeine per serving, far exceeding the recommended daily intake of 100 mg for teenagers. Excessive caffeine intake can overstimulate the central nervous system, leading to elevated heart rate, hypertension, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Studies published by the American Academy of Paediatrics indicate that frequent consumption is associated with a 30–40% higher risk of stress-related symptoms and reduced academic performance due to impaired sleep cycles.

E-cigarettes, on the other hand, deliver nicotine concentrations that can range from 5% to even higher in some products. Nicotine exposure during adolescence can disrupt synaptic development in the brain, particularly in regions responsible for memory, attention, and impulse control. Research from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention shows that teenagers who vape are nearly 3 times more likely to transition to traditional cigarette smoking. Additionally, vaping aerosols contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde and heavy metals, contributing to respiratory inflammation and increased risk of lung injury.

To combat this growing trend, early intervention is critical. Parents and educators should rely on evidence-based communication, presenting factual data rather than fear-based arguments. School-based prevention programmes have shown up to a 25% reduction in substance initiation when implemented effectively.

Supporting teenagers in overcoming these habits requires a multi-faceted approach. Behavioural counselling, nicotine replacement therapies (when appropriate), and peer-led support systems can significantly improve cessation rates. Encouraging participation in physical activities and mindfulness practices can help regulate stress and reduce dependency.

Addressing the issue through awareness, science-based education, and strong support systems is essential to safeguarding the long-term health and well-being of today’s youth.

(The writer is senior dentist and social worker, National Tobacco Control Programme cell, Civil Hospital, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar).