Digital Land Records in India: Meebhoomi, AnyROR, MP Bhulekh, and UP Bhulekh

India’s digitization of land records has improved transparency, efficiency, and accessibility in property management. State-specific portals—Meebhoomi (Andhra Pradesh), AnyROR (Gujarat), MP Bhulekh (Madhya Pradesh), and UP Bhulekh (Uttar Pradesh)—provide citizens with easy access to land data, reducing disputes and bureaucratic delays. This article examines these platforms, their features, benefits, challenges, and contributions to modern land administration.

Meebhoomi: Andhra Pradesh’s Land Record System

Overview

Launched on June 8, 2015, by the Andhra Pradesh Revenue Department, Meebhoomi AP (meebhoomi.ap.gov.in) digitizes land records with Aadhaar integration for secure access. It supports English and Telugu interfaces.

Key Features

1. Adangal and ROR-1B: Records of ownership, crops, and soil types.
2. E-Passbook: Aadhaar-linked digital summary of land holdings.
3. Cadastral Maps and FMB: Field Measurement Books and boundary maps.
4. Grievance Portal: Online complaint filing and Aadhaar linkage.
5. Certified Copies: Available for Rs. 25 each via MeeSeva.
6. Mobile App: Official app, rated 2.9/5 (1,320 reviews), with occasional performance issues.

Benefits

Meebhoomi eliminates the need for physical visits to revenue offices, enhancing transparency and reducing fraud. It supports property transactions, loan applications, and dispute resolution.

Challenges

Server slowdowns during high traffic and app glitches affect user experience. Rural areas face issues due to limited internet and digital literacy, though kiosks help address this.

Impact

Meebhoomi has digitized millions of records, strengthening Andhra Pradesh’s land management and promoting e-governance.

AnyROR: Gujarat’s Land Record Platform

Overview

AnyROR (anyror.gujarat.gov.in), managed by Gujarat’s Revenue Department, provides access to 7/12 (Sat Bara) and other land records, simplifying ownership verification.

Key Features

1. 7/12 and 8A Records: Details on ownership, survey numbers, and crops.
2. Village Maps: Digitized maps for boundary clarity.
3. VF6 and VF7: Mutation and survey data.
4. Online Services: Applications for corrections and certified copies.
5. Third-Party App: Unofficial AnyROR app, not government-endorsed, posing privacy risks.

Benefits

AnyROR reduces reliance on manual processes, saving time and minimizing fraud. Its bilingual interface (English and Gujarati) ensures accessibility for diverse users.

Challenges

The absence of an official mobile app limits convenience. Third-party apps raise data security concerns, and rural connectivity issues hinder access.

Impact

AnyROR streamlines land transactions in Gujarat, supporting agriculture, real estate, and legal processes.

MP Bhulekh: Madhya Pradesh’s Land Record Portal

Overview

Bhulekh MP (mpbhulekh.gov.in), part of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme, centralizes Khasra, Khatauni, and Bhu Naksha records for Madhya Pradesh’s land parcels.

Key Features

1. Khasra and Khatauni: Free access to ownership and land use details.
2. Bhu Naksha: Cadastral maps for boundary verification.
3. Historical Records: Scanned archives for legal reference.
4. E-Mutation and Payments: Online corrections and revenue services.
5. Certified Copies: Paid documents requiring login.
6. Grievance System: Dedicated portal for complaints.

Benefits

MP Bhulekh’s free access promotes inclusivity, while e-services reduce manual tasks. Its maps aid planning and compliance.

Challenges

The interface may be complex for new users, and server issues occasionally disrupt access. Rural users often depend on Common Service Centers, incurring minor costs.

Impact

MP Bhulekh enhances land administration, benefiting farmers, planners, and legal professionals in Madhya Pradesh.

UP Bhulekh: Uttar Pradesh’s Land Record System

Overview

UP Bhulekh (upbhulekh.gov.in), managed by the UP Revenue Department, digitizes Khatauni and Khasra records across 75 districts, improving accuracy and accessibility.

Key Features

1. Khatauni Search: Queries by Khasra, Gata, or owner name.
2. Real-Time Data: Updated ownership and land information.
3. Cadastral Maps: Bhu Naksha Digitized boundary maps.
4. Historical Records: Legacy data for legal purposes.
5. Support Channels: Email (bhulekh-up@gov.in) or phone (7080100588, Mon-Fri, 9:30 AM-6:00 PM).
6. Integration: Links with Bhunaksha and Bhumi Sudhar services.

Benefits

UP Bhulekh reduces errors, speeds up transactions, and supports loans and dispute resolution with verified data.

Challenges

The non-mobile-optimized interface and rural connectivity issues limit access. Digital literacy gaps require support from Common Service Centers.

Impact

UP Bhulekh improves efficiency and transparency in Uttar Pradesh’s land management, benefiting its large population.

Comparative Summary

Impacts and Challenges

Benefits

1. Transparency: Public access to records reduces fraud.
2. Efficiency: Digital services save time and reduce office visits.
3. Economic Support: Verified data aids loans and investments.
4. Dispute Resolution: Accurate records expedite conflict resolution.

Challenges

1. Digital Access: Limited internet and literacy in rural areas.
2. Technical Issues: Server slowdowns and complex interfaces.
3. Data Privacy: Risks from third-party apps.
4. System Variations: Differing state formats complicate integration.

Future Steps

1. Develop official mobile apps for all platforms.
2. Improve rural connectivity and digital training.
3. Standardize record formats nationwide.
4. Enhance data security measures.

Conclusion

Meebhoomi, AnyROR, MP Bhulekh, and UP Bhulekh are key components of India’s digital land record system. They enhance transparency, reduce corruption, and streamline property management. While challenges like rural access and technical issues persist, ongoing improvements will strengthen these platforms. These systems are vital for equitable and efficient land administration in India’s evolving digital landscape.