Pitrupaksha, the period of honoring ancestors, concludes with Sarvapitri Amavasya on October 2, 2024, which holds special significance. This year, it coincides with a solar eclipse, adding a unique dimension to the occasion. One question that often arises during this time is: if there is no male family member available, can women perform the Shraddha rituals?
Traditionally, these rituals have been considered a male responsibility, usually performed by sons or male relatives. This reflects the patriarchal norms that have shaped many aspects of cultural practices. However, women actively contribute to many other aspects of family and society, so it’s natural to wonder if they too can perform these sacred rites.
Interestingly, ancient texts and epics offer support for the inclusion of women in these rituals. In the Ramayana, for instance, Sita is shown performing the Shraddha for King Dasharatha. While in exile, she accompanied Rama and Lakshmana to Gaya to pay respects to their deceased father. When no one else was available, Sita took it upon herself to offer pindana (the ritual offerings) by forming a lump of sand in the presence of witnesses like the Phalgu River and a Brahmin. Rama and Lakshmana later joined in to complete the ritual. The Garuda Purana, a key text on rituals and afterlife, also supports the idea of women performing Shraddha. It states that if no sons or male relatives are available, daughters-in-law, wives, and even daughters can take on the responsibility. The text mentions that in the absence of a male, granddaughters, brothers, nephews, or other relatives can also perform the rites. If none of these family members are available, close friends, priests, or other trusted individuals can step in.
This shows that women are fully entitled to participate in Shraddha rituals, particularly when no male is present. The scriptures don’t just allow it—they affirm the importance of the rituals being carried out, regardless of who performs them. So, women have a rightful place in these sacred traditions, ensuring that ancestors are honored with the same respect and devotion.