`nature communications, Peer-reviewed journal

A new study from Dartmouth College reveals that three regions of the brain in the posterior cerebral cortex, which the researchers call 'place-memory areas', form a link between the brain's perceptual and memory systems, which helps the brain to store in memories of familiar places.The findings are published in Nature Communications."As we navigate our surroundings, information enters the visual cortex and somehow ends up as knowledge of where we are -- the question is where this transformation into spatial knowledge occurs. We think that the place-memory areas might be where this happens," explains lead author Adam Steel, a Neukom Fellow with the department of psychology and brain sciences in the Robertson Lab at Dartmouth."When you look at the location of the brain areas that process visual scenes and those that process spatial memories, these place-memory areas literally form a bridge between the two systems. Each of the brain areas involved in visual processing is paired with a place-memory counterpart," Adam said.For the study, an innovative methodology was employed. Participants were asked to perceive and recall places that they had been to in the real world during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which produced high-resolution, subject-specific maps of brain activity.Past studies on scene perception and memory have often used stimuli that participants knew of but had never visited, like famous landmarks, and have pooled data across many subjects. By mapping the brain activity of individual participants using real-world places that they had been to, researchers were able to untangle the brain's fine-grained organization.In one experiment, 14 participants provided a list of people that they knew personally and places that they have visited in real life (e.g., their father or their childhood home).Then, while in the fMRI scanner, the participants imagined that they were seeing those people or visiting those places. Comparing the brain activity between people and places revealed the place-memory areas. Importantly, when the researchers compared these newly identified regions to the brain areas that process visual scenes, the new regions were overlapping but distinct."We were surprised," says Steel, "because the classic understanding is that the brain areas that perceive should be the same areas that are engaged during memory recall."In another experiment, the team investigated whether the place-memory areas were involved in the recognition of familiar places. During fMRI scanning, participants were presented with panning images of familiar and unfamiliar real-world locations downloaded from Google Street View.When the researchers looked at the neural activity, they found that the place-memory areas were more active when images of familiar places where shown. The scene-perception areas did not show the same enhancement when viewing familiar places. This suggests that the place-memory areas play an important role in recognizing familiar locations."Our findings help explain how a generic image of a clock tower becomes one that we recognize, such as Baker-Berry Library's tower here on Dartmouth's campus," says Steel."It's thrilling to discover a new set of brain areas," says senior author Caroline Robertson, an assistant professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth. "Learning how the mind is organized is at the heart of the quest of understanding what makes us human.""The place-memory network provides a new framework for understanding the neural processes that drive memory-guided visual behaviours, including navigation," explains Robertson.The research team is currently using virtual reality technology to explore how representations in the place-memory areas evolve as people become more familiar with new environments.( With inputs from ANI )Disclaimer: This post has been auto-published from an agency feed without any modifications to the text and has not been reviewed by an editor

`nature CommunicationsFOLLOW

`nature communications, Latest News

A team of scientists at the Keck School of Medicine of USC has created what could be a key building block for assembling a synthetic kidney. ...

A technology that improves the resolution of an ordinary light microscope so that it can be used to directly observe finer structures and details in living cells has been developed by a team of electrical engineers at the University of California San ...

A new study published in Nature Communications demonstrates that a consortium of bacteria designed to complement missing or underrepresented functions in the imbalanced microbiome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, prevented and treated ch ...

A new study published in Nature Communications demonstrates that a consortium of bacteria designed to complement missing or underrepresented functions in the imbalanced microbiome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, prevented and treated ch ...

In order to find out as to what information is retained in memory over time, and which parts get lost - a team of researchers demonstrated that our memories become less vibrant and detailed over time, with only the central gist eventually preserved. ...

During the pandemic, it is extremely critical to detect the virus at the beginning stage, and in a move to achieve the same a team of researchers at the Vienna BioCenter designed a testing protocol for SARS-CoV-2 that can process tens of thousands of ...

According to the findings of a study by researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago, the antibiotics used to treat common bacterial infections, like pneumonia and sinusitis, may also be used to treat human diseases, like cancer. At least, theor ...

A new study from Dartmouth College reveals that three regions of the brain in the posterior cerebral cortex, which the researchers call 'place-memory areas', form a link between the brain's perceptual and memory systems, which helps the brain to stor ...