Published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, this is the first music therapy study to use a procedure called hyperscanning, which records activity in two brains at the same time, allowing researchers to better understand how people interact.
"Music therapists report experiencing emotional changes and connections during therapy, and we've been able to confirm this using data from the brain," said study lead author Jorg Fachner, Professor at Anglia Ruskin University in the UK.
"Music therapists have had to rely on the patient's response to judge whether this is working, but by using hyperscanning we can see exactly what is happening in the patient's brain," Fachner said.
During the session documented in the study, classical music was played as the patient discussed a serious illness in her family. Both patient and therapist wore EEG (electroencephalogram) caps containing sensors, which capture electrical signals in the brain and the session was recorded in sync with the EEG using video cameras.
According to the researchers, music therapists work towards "moments of change", where they make a meaningful connection with their patients.
At one point during this study, the patient's brain activity shifted suddenly from displaying deep negative feelings to a positive peak. Moments later, as the therapist realised the session was working, her scan displayed similar results.
The researchers examined activity in the brain's right and left frontal lobes where negative and positive emotions are processed, respectively.
By analysing hyperscanning data alongside video footage and a transcript of the session, the researchers were able to demonstrate that brain synchronisation occurs, and also show what a patient-therapist "moment of change" looks like inside the brain.
"Hyperscanning can show the tiny, otherwise imperceptible changes that take place during therapy. By highlighting the precise points where sessions have worked best, it could be particularly useful when treating patients for whom verbal communication is challenging," he added.
( With inputs from IANS )